Heat pipes are thermal devices that work on a two-phase heat transfer. The pipe is filled with a liquid (commonly water) to transfer the heat from one side of the pipe to the other. They are typically used to transfer heat from a hot electronic component (e.g., a computer processor) to a cold area where the heat can be released. Heat pipes are used in various applications such as electronic products, fridges, air- conditioners, steam engines, boilers and more.
After partially charging the heat pipe with water, the residual volume is evacuated, ensuring that the subsequently sealed pipe is filled with only water and water vapor. Heat pipes use the principle of heat exchange accompanied by the phase transformation process to transfer heat rapidly. Heat pipes offer the highest thermal conductivity presently known.